国际货物运输的基本任务就是根据国家有关的方针政策,合理地运用各种运输方式和运输工具,多快好省地完成进出口货物的运输任务,为我国发展对外经济贸易服务,为我国外交活动服务,为我国的四个现代化建设服务。天津国际货运公司指出,国际货运公司具体包括以下几方面内容:
The basic task of international cargo transportation is to make rational use of various modes and means of transportation according to relevant national policies,complete the transportation task of import and export goods more quickly,better and economically,serve China's development of foreign economy and trade,serve China's diplomatic activities,and serve China's four modernizations.Specifically,it includes the following aspects:
(一)按时、按质、按量地完成进出口货物运输
(1)Complete the transportation of import and export goods on time,according to quality and quantity
国际贸易合同签订后,只有通过运输,及时将进口货物运进来,将出口货物运出去,交到约定地点,商品的流通才能实现,贸易合同才能履行。“按时”就是根据贸易合同的装运期和交货期的条款的规定履行合同;“按质”就是按照贸易合同质量条款的要求履行合同;“按量”就是尽可能地减少货损货差,保证贸易合同中货物数量条款的履行。如果违反了上述合同条款,就构成了违约,有可能导致赔偿、罚款等严重的法律后果。因此,国际货物运输部门必须重合同、守信用,保证按时、按质、按量完成国际货物运输任务,保证国际贸易合同的履行。
After the international trade contract is signed,the circulation of goods can be realized and the trade contract can be performed only by transporting the imported goods in time,transporting the exported goods out and delivering them to the agreed place."On time"means to perform the contract according to the terms of the time of shipment and delivery in the trade contract;"According to quality"is to perform the contract according to the requirements of the quality terms of the trade contract;"According to quantity"is to reduce the damage and difference of goods as much as possible and ensure the performance of the quantity clause in the trade contract.If the above contract terms are violated,it will constitute a breach of contract and may lead to serious legal consequences such as compensation and fines.Therefore,the international cargo transportation department must abide by the contract and keep promise,ensure to complete the international cargo transportation task on time,according to quality and quantity,and ensure the performance of international trade contracts.
(二)节省运杂费用,为国家积累建设资金
(2)Save transportation and miscellaneous expenses and accumulate construction funds for the country
由于国际货物运输是国际贸易的重要组成部分,而且运输的距离长,环节较多,各项运杂费用开支较大,故节省运杂费用的潜力比较大,途径也多。因此,从事国际货物运输的企业和部门,应该不断地改善经营管理,节省运杂费用,提高企业的经济效益和社会效益,为国家积累更多的建设资金。
As international cargo transportation is an important part of international trade,with long transportation distance,many links and large transportation and miscellaneous expenses,there is great potential and many ways to save transportation and miscellaneous expenses.Therefore,enterprises and departments engaged in international cargo transportation should constantly improve operation and management,save transportation and miscellaneous expenses,improve the economic and social benefits of enterprises,and accumulate more construction funds for the country.
(三)为国家节约外汇支出,增加外汇收入
(3)Save foreign exchange expenditure and increase foreign exchange income for the state
国际货物运输,既然是一种无形的国际贸易,它是国家外汇收入的重要来源之一。国际贸易合同在海上运输一般采用CIF和FOB等贸易术语成交,按照CIF条件,货价内包括运费、保险费,由卖方派船将货物运至目的港;按照FOB条件,货价内则不包括运费和保险费,由买方派船到装货港装运货物。为了国家的利益,出口货物多争取CIF件,进口货多争取FOB交,则可节省外汇支出,增加外汇收入。而国际货物运输企业为了国家利益,首先要依靠国内运输企业的运力和我国的方便旗船,再考虑我国的租船、中外合资船公司和侨资班轮的运力,再充分调动和利用各方面的运力,使货主企业同运输企业有机地衔接,争取为国家节约外汇支出,创更多的外汇收入。
Since international cargo transportation is an invisible international trade,it is one of the important sources of national foreign exchange income.International trade contracts are generally concluded by using CIF,FOB and other trade terms in maritime transportation.According to CIF terms,the price includes freight and insurance premium,and the Seller shall send ships to transport the goods to the port of destination;According to FOB terms,the freight and insurance premium are not included in the price,and the buyer shall send a ship to the loading port to ship the goods.For the interests of the country,more export goods should be delivered CIF and more import goods should be delivered FOB,which can save foreign exchange expenditure and increase foreign exchange income.For the sake of national interests,international cargo transportation enterprises should first rely on the transportation capacity of domestic transportation enterprises and China's flag ships,then consider the transportation capacity of China's charterers,Sino foreign joint venture shipping companies and overseas Chinese funded liners,and then fully mobilize and make use of all aspects of transportation capacity to organically connect the cargo owner enterprises with the transportation enterprises,so as to save foreign exchange expenditure and create more foreign exchange income for the country.
(四)认真贯彻国家对外政策
(4)Earnestly implement the national foreign policy
国际货物运输是国家涉外活动的一个重要组成部分,它的另一个任务就是在平等互利的基础上,密切配合外交活动,在实际工作中具体体现和切实贯彻国家各项对外政策。
International cargo transportation is an important part of the country's foreign-related activities.Its other task is to closely cooperate with diplomatic activities on the basis of equality and mutual benefit,and specifically reflect and effectively implement the country's foreign policies in practical work.
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