国际主要的海上运油航线介绍

　　水上油运航线连接着世界上主要的产油地区和消费地区。有属于跨洋的国际航线，也有属于地区或某个国家范围的短程油运航线。由于原油的产地和消费地相对比较集中，从水上原油运输的基本流向来看。据天津货代公司了解到的主要的国际间的原油航线仅有四条。然而由于出发港和目的港的不同，则可以构成数干条具体的水上原油运输航线。成品油的产地和消费地则十分分散，故水上成品油航线众多，以至无法估计它的确切数目。海上石油运输的运量在整个外贸海运量中占有很重要的地位。以下分别介绍世界海上石油运输主要航线以及我国进口原油的可能航线和国内主要油运航线，且重点介绍后两类水上油运航线。

　　Waterborne oil shipping routes connect the world's major oil producing and consuming regions.There are international routes belonging to transoceanic and short-range oil transportation routes belonging to regional or a certain national scope.As the origin and consumption of crude oil are relatively concentrated,the basic flow direction of crude oil transportation by water is seen.There are only four major international crude oil routes that Tianjin Forwarding Company knows about.However,due to the different departure and destination ports,it can constitute several specific water crude oil transportation routes.The origin and consumption of refined oil is very scattered,so there are many routes for refined oil on water,and it is impossible to estimate the exact number of it.The volume of maritime oil transportation occupies a very important position in the whole foreign trade shipping volume.The following are the main routes of the world's maritime oil transportation,as well as the possible routes of China's imports of crude oil and the main domestic oil transportation routes,and focus on the latter two types of oil transportation routes on water.

　　众所周知，世界上主要的原油产地，基本集中于中东海湾地区、北非地区、西非地区、北海地区、西伯利亚-中亚地区、中国及周边地区、马来地区、南美加勒比地区及北美地区。从各地区出口的原油海运量来看，由大到小的排序为：中东海湾、北非、西非、加勒比海、近东和东南亚。而需要进口原油的国家和地区主要集中于西北欧、美国和日本。从各地进口的原油海运量来看，由大到小的排序为：西北欧、北美、日本及韩国、地中海和南美。故构成世界上主要四条油运航线是：

　　As we all know,the world's major crude oil production areas are basically concentrated in the Middle East Gulf region,North Africa region,West Africa region,North Sea region,Siberia-Central Asia region,China and the surrounding areas,Malay region,South America Caribbean region and North America region.In terms of the volume of crude oil exported by sea from each region,the order from largest to smallest is:Middle East Gulf,North Africa,West Africa,Caribbean,Near East and Southeast Asia.And the countries and regions that need to import crude oil are mainly concentrated in Northwest Europe,the United States and Japan.In terms of the volume of crude oil imported by sea from various places,the order from largest to smallest is:Northwest Europe,North America,Japan and Korea,Mediterranean Sea and South America.Therefore,the four main oil shipping routes that constitute the world are.

　　(1)波斯湾--西欧、北美航线：它是西欧、北美石油消费区的主要供油航线。最高年运量曾高达6亿吨。该航线通常使用超级油船运输，且由于水深限制，自波斯湾起航后。超级油船都经莫桑比克海峡.再绕道好望角航行。

　　(1)Persian Gulf-Western Europe,North America route:It is the main oil supply route for the oil consuming areas in Western Europe and North America.The highest annual transportation volume was once as high as 600 million tons.The route usually uses supertankers for transportation,and due to water depth restrictions,since the Persian Gulf after the sailing.The supertankers sail through the Mozambique Channel.Then sailed around the Cape of Good Hope.

　　(2)波斯湾--日本航线：它是日本的主要供油航线，年运量高达1亿吨以上。使用VL-CC型油船运输时需绕道龙目海峡和望加锡海峡。如果使用20万吨级以内的油船运输则可经过马六甲海峡运抵日本，航程较前者短。

　　(2)Persian Gulf-Japan route:It is the main oil supply route for Japan,with an annual capacity of more than 100 million tons.When using VL-CC tanker,it needs to go around Lombok Strait and Mangasik Strait.If you use oil tanker of 200,000 tons or less,it can be transported to Japan through the Strait of Malacca,and the voyage is shorter than the former.

　　(3)波斯湾--西欧航线：它主要是为西欧供油的航线，部分原油亦输往北美，与上述的波斯湾--西欧、北美航线的主要区别是经苏伊土运河和地中海穿直布罗陀海峡抵达西欧和北美，不绕道好望角，采用15万吨级以内的油船运输。

　　(3)Persian Gulf-Western Europe route:It is mainly a supply route for Western Europe,and some crude oil is also transported to North America.The main difference with the above-mentioned Persian Gulf-Western Europe and North America route is that it arrives at Western Europe and North America via the Suez Canal and the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar,without detouring through the Cape of Good Hope,and uses oil tankers of 150,000 tons or less.

　　(4)墨西哥--日本航线：它是日本的另一条主要供油航线。其一是经巴拿马运河，穿越太平洋抵达日本，使用的油船尺度受巴拿马运河尺度限制，通常在6万吨级以下。其二是从墨西哥的西海岸起航，沿北太平洋抵日本。

　　(4)Mexico-Japan route:It is another major oil supply route for Japan.One is through the Panama Canal,across the Pacific Ocean to Japan,using the scale of oil tankers by the Panama Canal scale restrictions,usually in the 60,000 tons or less.The second is to sail from the west coast of Mexico and arrive in Japan along the North Pacific Ocean.

　　此外，还有如下一些运程较短的海上油运航线：西非--北美、南美航线;北非--西欧航线;黑海--地中海航线;波斯湾--澳、新航线;阿拉斯加--美国东海岸航线;墨西哥湾--加勒比海航线;东南亚、中国--日本航线等。

　　In addition,there are some shorter sea oil shipping routes as follows:West Africa-North America,South America route;North Africa-Western Europe route;Black Sea-Mediterranean route;Persian Gulf-Australia,New Zealand route;Alaska-U.S.East Coast route;Gulf of Mexico-Caribbean route;Southeast Asia,China-Japan route,etc..